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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(1): 40-47, Jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973839

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: In multivessel disease patients with moderate stenosis, fractional flow reserve (FFR) allows the analysis of the lesions and guides treatment, and could contribute to the cost-effectiveness (CE) of non-pharmacological stents (NPS). Objectives: To evaluate CE and clinical impact of FFR-guided versus angiography-guided angioplasty (ANGIO) in multivessel patients using NPS. Methods: Multivessel disease patients were prospectively randomized to FFR or ANGIO groups during a 5 year-period and followed for < 12 months. Outcomes measures were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), restenosis and CE. Results: We studied 69 patients, 47 (68.1%) men, aged 62.0 ± 9.0 years, 34 (49.2%) in FFR group and 53 (50.7%) in ANGIO group, with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome. In FFR, there were 26 patients with biarterial disease (76.5%) and 8 (23.5%) with triarterial disease, and in ANGIO, 24 (68.6%) with biarterial and 11 (31.4%) with triarterial disease. Twelve MACEs were observed - 3 deaths: 2 (5.8%) in FFR and 1 (2.8%) in ANGIO, 9 (13.0%) angina: 4(11.7%) in FFR and 5(14.2%) in ANGIO, 6 restenosis: 2(5.8%) in FFR and 4 (11.4%) in ANGIO. Angiography detected 87(53.0%) lesions in FFR, 39(23.7%) with PCI and 48(29.3%) with medical treatment; and 77 (47.0%) lesions in ANGIO, all treated with angioplasty. Thirty-nine (33.3%) stents were registered in FFR (0.45 ± 0.50 stents/lesion) and 78 (1.05 ± 0.22 stents/lesion) in ANGIO (p = 0.0001), 51.4% greater in ANGIO than FFR. CE analysis revealed a cost of BRL 5,045.97 BRL 5,430.60 in ANGIO and FFR, respectively. The difference of effectiveness was of 1.82%. Conclusion: FFR reduced the number of lesions treated and stents, and the need for target-lesion revascularization, with a CE comparable with that of angiography.


Resumo Fundamentos: Em pacientes multiarteriais e lesões moderadas, a reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) avalia cada lesão e direciona o tratamento, podendo ser útil no custo-efetividade (CE) de implante de stents não farmacológicos (SNF). Objetivos: Avaliar CE e impacto clínico da angioplastia + FFR versus angioplastia + angiografia (ANGIO), em multiarteriais, utilizando SNF. Métodos: pacientes com doença multiarteriais foram randomizados prospectivamente durante ±5 anos para FFR ou ANGIO, e acompanhados por até 12 meses. Foram avaliados eventos cardíacos maiores (ECAM), reestenose e CE. Resultados: foram incluídos 69 pacientes, 47(68,1%) homens, 34(49,2%) no FFR e 35(50,7%) no ANGIO, idade 62,0 ± 9,0 anos, com angina estável e Síndrome Coronariana Aguda estabilizada. No FFR, havia 26 com doença (76,5%) biarterial e 8 (23,5%) triarterial, e no grupo ANGIO, 24(68,6%) biarteriais e 11(31,4%) triarteriais. Ocorreram 12(17,3%) ECAM - 3(4,3%) óbitos: 2(5,8%) no FFR e 1(2,8%) no ANGIO, 9(13,0%) anginas, 4(11,7%) no FFR e 5(14,2%) no ANGIO, 6 reestenoses: 2(5,8%) no FFR e 4 (11,4%) no ANGIO. Angiografia detectou 87(53,0%) lesões no FFR, 39(23,7%) com ICP e 48(29,3%) com tratamento clínico; e 77(47,0%) lesões no ANGIO, todas submetidas à angioplastia. Quanto aos stents, registrou-se 39(33,3%) (0,45 ± 0,50 stents/lesão) no FFR e 78(66,6%) (1,05 ± 0,22 stents/lesão) no ANGIO (p = 0,0001); ANGIO utilizou 51,4% a mais que o FFR. Análise de CE revelou um custo de R$5045,97 e R$5.430,60 nos grupos ANGIO e FFR, respectivamente. A diferença de efetividade foi 1,82%. Conclusões: FFR diminuiu o número de lesões tratadas e de stents e necessidade de revascularização do vaso-alvo, com CE comparável ao da angiografia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Coronary Angiography/methods , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial/physiology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Angina, Stable/therapy , Time Factors , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/economics , Stents , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Coronary Angiography/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric , Coronary Restenosis/mortality , Coronary Restenosis/therapy , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Acute Coronary Syndrome/pathology , Angina, Stable/economics , Angina, Stable/mortality
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 35(4): 531-540, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768083

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the most frequent medical emergencies in developing countries. Objective: To determine, from the perspective of the Colombian health system, the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the Colombian health system comparing ticagrelor and clopidogrel for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome. To estimate the expected costs and outcomes, a Markov model was constructed in which patients could remain stable without experiencing new cardiovascular events, suffer from a new event, or die. For the baseline case, a 10-year time horizon and a discount ratio of 3% for costs and benefits were adopted. The transition probabilities were extracted from the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) clinical trial. Vital statistics were drawn from the Departmento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) and additional information from Colombian patients included in the Access registry. To identify and measure resource use, a standard case was built by consulting guidelines and protocols. Unit costs were obtained from Colombian rate lists. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted in which costs were represented by a triangular distribution, and the effectiveness through a beta distribution. Results: In the base case, the additional cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained with ticagrelor was COP$ 28,411,503. The results were sensitive to changes in the time horizon and the unit cost of clopidogrel. For a willingness-to-pay equivalent to three times the Colombian per capita gross domestic product, the probability of ticagrelor being cost-effective was 75%. Conclusions: Ticagrelor is a cost-effective strategy for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome in Colombia.


Introducción. El síndrome coronario agudo es una de las emergencias médicas más frecuentes en los países en desarrollo. Objetivo. Determinar, desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano, la relación de costo-efectividad del ticagrelor comparado con el clopidogrel para el tratamiento de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de costo-efectividad desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano, comparando el ticagrelor y el clopidogrel para el tratamiento de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Para estimar los costos y resultados esperados de las dos alternativas, se construyó un modelo de Markov en el cual los pacientes podían permanecer estables sin experimentar nuevos eventos cardiovasculares, sufrir de un nuevo evento coronario o morir. Para el caso de base, se adoptó un horizonte temporal de 10 años y una tasa de descuento de 3 % para los costos y beneficios. Las probabilidades de transición se extrajeron del estudio Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes , PLATO. Las estadísticas vitales se consultaron en informes del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y los parámetros adicionales del modelo se basaron en la información de los pacientes colombianos incluidos en el registro en Access. Para identificar y medir el uso de recursos, se construyó un caso estándar a partir de guías y protocolos. Los costos unitarios se obtuvieron de manuales tarifarios colombianos. Se hizo un análisis de sensibilidad probabilístico en el que los costos se representaron por una distribución triangular y, las probabilidades de transición, mediante una distribución beta. Resultados. En el caso de base, el costo adicional por años de vida ajustados por calidad ganados con el ticagrelor fue de COP$ 28´411.503. Los resultados fueron sensibles a los cambios en el horizonte temporal y al costo unitario del clopidogrel. Para un umbral de costo-efectividad equivalente a tres veces el producto interno bruto per cápita de Colombia, la probabilidad de que el ticagrelor fuera costo-efectivo fue de 75 %. Conclusiones. El ticagrelor es una estrategia costo-efectiva para el tratamiento de los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en Colombia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/economics , Adenosine/analogs & derivatives , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Prescription Fees/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Ticlopidine/economics , Ticlopidine/therapeutic use , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adenosine/economics , Adenosine/therapeutic use , Aspirin/economics , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Markov Chains , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Colombia/epidemiology , Models, Economic , Quality-Adjusted Life Years , Drug Therapy, Combination , Acute Coronary Syndrome/drug therapy , Clopidogrel , Ticagrelor
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(4): 339-344, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764465

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is defined as a “group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia”, representing the leading cause of death worldwide, with a high clinical and financial impact. In this sense, the development of economic studies assessing the costs related to the treatment of ACS should be considered.Objective:To evaluate costs and length of hospital stay between groups of patients treated for ACS undergoing angioplasty with or without stent implantation (stent+ / stent-), coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and treated only clinically (Clinical) from the perspective of the Brazilian Supplementary Health System (SHS).Methods:A retrospective analysis of medical claims of beneficiaries of health plans was performed considering hospitalization costs and length of hospital stay for management of patients undergoing different types of treatment for ACS, between Jan/2010 and Jun/2012.Results:The average costs per patient were R$ 18,261.77, R$ 30,611.07, R$ 37,454.94 and R$ 40,883.37 in the following groups: Clinical, stent-, stent+ and CABG, respectively. The average costs per day of hospitalization were R$ 1,987.03, R$ 4,024.72, R$ 6,033.40 and R$ 2,663.82, respectively. The average results for length of stay were 9.19 days, 7.61 days, 6.19 days and 15.20 days in these same groups. The differences were significant between all groups except Clinical and stent- and between stent + and CABG groups for cost analysis.Conclusion:Hospitalization costs of SCA are high in the Brazilian SHS, being significantly higher when interventional procedures are required.


Fundamento:Síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) é definida como um “grupo de sintomas clínicos compatíveis com isquemia miocárdica aguda”, representando a principal causa de óbito no mundo, com elevado impacto clínico e financeiro. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de estudos econômicos que avaliem os custos despendidos no tratamento da SCA deve ser considerado.Objetivo:Avaliar custos e tempo de internação hospitalar entre grupos de pacientes que trataram SCA, submetidos a procedimentos de angioplastia com ou sem implante de stent (stent+ / stent-), revascularização (Revasc) e tratados apenas clinicamente (Clínico), sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar (SSS) brasileiro.Métodos:Realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva de contas médicas de beneficiários de planos de saúde considerando dados de custos de internação e tempo de permanência hospitalar para o manejo de pacientes submetidos a diferentes tipos de tratamento para SCA, no período entre 1/2010 e 6/2012.Resultados:Os custos médios por paciente foram de R$ 18.261,77, R$ 30.611,07, R$ 37.454,94 e R$ 40.883,37 nos grupos Clínico, stent-, stent+ e Revasc, respectivamente. Os custos médios por dia de internação foram de R$ 1.987,03, R$ 4.024,72, R$ 6.033,40 e R$ 2.663,82, respectivamente. Os tempos médios de internação foram de 9,19 dias, 7,61 dias, 6,19 dias e 15,20 dias nesses mesmos grupos. As diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas entre todos os grupos, exceto Clínico e stent- e entre os grupos stent + e Revasc, para a análise de custos.Conclusão:O custo hospitalar da SCA é elevado no SSS brasileiro e significativamente mais alto quando há a necessidade da realização de procedimentos intervencionistas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/economics , Coronary Artery Bypass/economics , Health Expenditures , Health Maintenance Organizations/economics , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Brazil , Hospitalization/economics , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stents/economics , Time Factors
4.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(3): 218-226, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752129

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of socioeconomic impact of attempted suicide may sensitize managers regarding prevention strategies. There are no published data on this in Brazil. The aim here was to describe the direct and indirect costs of care of hospitalized cases of attempted suicide and compare these with the costs of acute coronary syndrome cases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-of-illness study at a public university hospital in Brazil. METHOD: The costs of care of 17 patients hospitalized due to attempted suicide were compared with those of 17 acute coronary syndrome cases at the same hospital, over the same period. The direct costs were the summation of the hospital and out-of-hospital costs resulting from the event, determined from the medical records. The indirect costs were estimated through the human capital lost. The Mann-Whitney test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with transformation adjusted for age were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The average costs per episode of attempted suicide were: direct cost, US$ 6168.65; indirect cost, US$ 688.08; and total cost, US$ 7163.75. Comparative analysis showed a difference between the indirect costs to family members, with significantly higher costs in the attempted suicide group (P = 0.0022). CONCLUSION: The cost of care relating to attempted suicide is high and the indirect cost to family members reinforces the idea that suicidal behavior not only affects the individual but also his social environment. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O conhecimento do impacto socioeconômico das tentativas de suicídio pode sensibilizar gestores para programas de prevenção. No Brasil, não há dados publicados a esse respeito. O objetivo foi descrever os custos direto e indireto dos cuidados com as tentativas de suicídio de pacientes internados no hospital de uma universidade pública, e compará-los aos custos de casos de síndrome coronariana aguda. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de custo de doença em hospital universitário público no Brasil. MÉTODO: Os custos dos cuidados de 17 pacientes hospitalizados por tentativas de suicídio foram comparados aos custos de 17 síndromes coronarianas agudas de pacientes internados no mesmo hospital, no mesmo período. Os custos diretos foram o somatório de custos hospitalares e extra-hospitalares decorrentes do evento, determinados por registro hospitalar. Os custos indiretos foram estimados através da perda de capital humano. Teste de Mann-Whitney e análise da covariância (ANCOVA) com transformação por idade foram utilizados para comparação. RESULTADOS: As médias de custos por episódio de tentativa de suicídio foram: custo direto individual, US$ 6168,65; custo indireto individual, US$ 688,08; e custo total, US$ 7163,75. A análise comparativa indica diferença entre os custos indiretos a familiares dos dois fenômenos, com custos significativamente mais elevados no grupo de tentativas de suicídio (P = 0,0022). CONCLUSÃO: O custo dos cuidados com tentativa de suicídio é elevado e o custo indireto a familiares reforça a ideia de que o comportamento suicida não afeta apenas o indivíduo, mas também seu ambiente social. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cost of Illness , Suicide, Attempted/economics , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Age Factors , Brazil , Health Care Costs , Hospitalization/economics , Hospitals, General/economics , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 101(6): 562-569, dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701273

ABSTRACT

A angiotomografia de coronárias emergiu recentemente como uma ferramenta diagnóstica acurada na avaliação da doença arterial coronariana, fornecendo dados diagnósticos e prognósticos que se correlacionam diretamente com os dados fornecidos pela cineangiocoronariografia. Com a evolução tecnológica, permitindo melhora na resolução temporal, espacial, melhor cobertura do volume cardíaco com redução significativa da dose de radiação, somada à necessidade de protocolos de estratificação de risco mais efetivos para pacientes com dor torácica no pronto-socorro, sua aplicação passou a ser testada no cenário da dor torácica aguda, já que cerca de dois terços das angiografias coronarianas invasivas não demonstram doença coronariana obstrutiva significativa. Na prática diária, sem o uso de tecnologias mais eficientes, como a angiotomografia de coronárias, permanece um desafio ao médico do setor de emergência a estratificação segura e eficiente do paciente com dor torácica aguda. Recentemente, vários estudos, incluindo três randomizados, mostraram resultados favoráveis ao uso dessa tecnologia no pronto-socorro para pacientes com baixa a intermediária probabilidade de doença arterial coronariana. Nesta revisão, apresentamos os dados do uso da angiotomografia de coronárias na estratificação de risco de pacientes com dor torácica na sala de emergência, o seu valor diagnóstico, prognóstico e custo-efetividade e uma análise crítica dos recentes estudos multicêntricos publicados.


The coronary computed tomography angiography has recently emerged as an accurate diagnostic tool in the evaluation of coronary artery disease, providing diagnostic and prognostic data that correlate directly with the data provided by invasive coronary angiography. The association of recent technological developments has allowed improved temporal resolution and better spatial coverage of the cardiac volume with significant reduction in radiation dose, and with the crucial need for more effective protocols of risk stratification of patients with chest pain in the emergency room, recent evaluation of the computed tomography coronary angiography has been performed in the setting of acute chest pain, as about two thirds of invasive coronary angiographies show no significantly obstructive coronary artery disease. In daily practice, without the use of more efficient technologies, such as coronary angiography by computed tomography, safe and efficient stratification of patients with acute chest pain remains a challenge to the medical team in the emergency room. Recently, several studies, including three randomized trials, showed favorable results with the use of this technology in the emergency department for patients with low to intermediate likelihood of coronary artery disease. In this review, we show data resulting from coronary angiography by computed tomography in risk stratification of patients with chest pain in the emergency room, its diagnostic value, prognosis and cost-effectiveness and a critical analysis of recently published multicenter studies.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Chest Pain/diagnosis , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Chest Pain/economics , Coronary Angiography/economics , Coronary Artery Disease/economics , Emergency Service, Hospital , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Myocardial Revascularization , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 24(2): 85-94, mar.-abr. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594179

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) abrange os casos de angina instável e infarto agudo domiocárdio. Em 2009, a SCA foi responsável por 7% do total de óbitos, associada a substancial custo direto e indireto para o Sistema de Saúde. Objetivo: Estimar o custo da SCA no Brasil e o seu impacto no Sistema de Saúde Brasileiro em 2011, considerando custos diretos e indiretos sob a perspectiva pública e privada. Métodos: Neste estudo, adotou-se a perspectiva da sociedade. Os custos diretos foram obtidos nas bases dedados nacionais e somente o período de hospitalização foi considerado. Para custos indiretos, o método da Abordagemdo Capital Humano foi utilizado com dois grandes componentes de custos: perda de produtividade entre pacientes que faleceram de infarto do miocárdio (IM) ou angina instável e perda de produtividade do período entre o evento principal (IM ou angina) e retorno ao trabalho (tempo de recuperação). Resultados: A estimativa do custo direto associado à síndrome coronariana aguda em 2011 sob a perspectiva doSUS é de R$522.286.726, aproximadamente 0,77% doorçamento total do SUS. Para o Sistema Suplementar de Saúde esta estimativa é de R$515.138.617. Os custos indiretos totalizam R$2,8 bilhões, sob a perspectiva da sociedade. O custo total estimado para SCA em 2011, incluindo custos diretos e indiretos, é de R$3,8 bilhões. Conclusão: Devido ao alto impacto da síndrome coronarianaaguda no orçamento do Sistema de Saúde Brasileiro, projetado para o ano de 2011, é relevante que medidas sejamadotadas para melhor uso dos recursos.


Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. In 2009, ACS accounted for 7% of all deaths,associated with substantial direct and indirect costs burdening healthcare systems. Objective: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of ACS in Brazil and impacts on the public and privatesectors of the Brazilian healthcare system in 2011. Methods: Based on a societal standpoint, this study includes the public (SUS) and supplementary (SHS) healthcare systems, retrieving the direct costs from Brazilian databases solely for hospitalization periods. The Human Capital Approach method was used for the indirect costs, with two major components: productivity loss for patients dying of myocardial infarctions (MI) or unstable angina, and productivity loss for the time between the main event (MI or angina) and returning to work (recovery period). Results: The estimated direct costs associated with ACS for 2011 reach R$522,286,726 for the SUS (0.77% of the total Government healthcare budget), and an estimated R$515,138,617 for the SHS. Indirect costs total R$2.8 billion from the societal standpoint, with the total direct and indirect costs of ACS in Brazil for 2011 estimated at R$3.8 billion.Conclusion: Due to the impact of ACS on Brazil’s healthcare budget for 2011, it is vital to adopt measures that allow better use of resources.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Brazil , Health Care Costs/trends , Acute Coronary Syndrome/economics , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Unified Health System/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality
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